Reindeer

males: 160 - 220 cm; females: 120 - 190 cm, shoulder height: 87 - 140 cm

60 - 300 kg

1 (twins are very rare)

approximately 228 days

circumpolar distribution in the tundra and taiga zones of northern Europe, Siberia, and North America 

primarily grazing herbivores; the leaves of willows and birches, mushrooms, cotton grass, sedges and numerous other ground dwelling species of vegetation, lichens (especially in winter)

gregarious; the groups may contain the tens of thousands of individuals; are known to travel distances greater than any other terrestrial mammal

8 - 15 years in the wild; up to 20 years in human care